INTRODUCTION
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/help/introduction-physics-philosophy-metaphysics-space.htm

   

 

4-D accelerating expansion to macrocosmic infinity.

 

Copyright 1968 by Masao Komura   Special Effects Copyright 2007 by Austin Torney

An ensemble of systems. A Hierarchy of multi-moment 4-D space-time surfaces. - K.B.R.
("We cannot visualize such a curved space, because humanity is not 4-dimensional" - Time-Life Science Series, p. 172)

 

"There is nothing new about Newton's Classical Mechanical gravity or Einstein's 4th dimension of time, except preeminent non-mathematical proof that they are one and the same. The New Gravity Is The 4th SpaceTime Dimension."

- K.B. Robertson

 

"It's still the same old universe, but gravity is the 4th dimension of that same old universe. I'm grateful for the indelible change in my perception of it. It may be impossible to overstate the importance of this book. The one, two three and X Y Z of comprehensive infinity."
- Mark Stephen Halfon, Ph.D., Philosophy (Chair,*Nassau Community Colllege), Brooklyn, New York. (1977 - *2007)

"An ambitious new treatise on the otherwise seasoned subjects of Space & Time. We are not qualified to evaluate it, but are pleased to see it in this ('comic book') format."

- THE WHOLE EARTH CATALOGUE, Portola Institute, 1970 - ‘71

"An unprecedented and awesomely credible non-mathematical theory which matter-of-factly proves that gravity is the 4th dimension of time, then forthwith discovers the previously unrecognized - therefore unidentified - 5th & 6th dimensions of electricity and magnetism."
- Dr. John Shaw, Chemistry Prof. 1971, University Of California @ Berkeley

"Gravity Is The 4th Dimension' - A documentary scientific 'Future Shock'. Major conceptual breakthrough. It must be disqualified or formally acknowledged at the foundations of modern theoretical physics; there is no middle ground. So advanced it's simple."
- Mark Vukovic, Electronics Tech, U.S.N. USS Shasta (AE-33), San Francisco, CA.

"This book has clearly made a formerly mystified theoretical physics truly comprehensible to anyone with high school reading skills and 'street people' in general. Beyond its overt revolutionary scientific import, the social implications are also profound. Bound to surprise and constructively inf luence an enormous number of people for a very long time. Ignoring or denying it won't make it go away. Now I know what E=MC squared means."
- Don Donahue, original printer and publisher of ZAP Comix, San Francisco

"Gravity really is the 4th dimension, and levity and mirth use to be the 5th and 6th dimensions, until K.B. Robertson found them to be electricity & magnetism, respectively.

- Herb Caen, The San Francisco CHRONICLE

"Not without levity, the sharp shooting author expertly documents his academic and historical subject; then - suddenly - the reader is experientially surrounded by it. There is no intellectual escape from the 4-D space-time continuum anymore, in or out of an ignorant or uninterested yawn. The very act of reading these words is directly and physically sustained by it. Observing various responses of others, in the early stages of recognizing it, is a recreation in itself. The documentary is scientifically irreproachable, the informal narrative is a social liberation. The inveterate elements don't like it already."
- Sallie Taylor Melinda Bryan, 1979

"Academic L.S.D. in a Stockholm punchbowl, and everybody's invited. Ready or not there is no way out of this but through it. A scientific Odyssey. The most remarkable fact about 'The New Gravity' is that it was not discovered and written much earlier."
- Gregory Nageotte, Ph.D. Philosophy, Santa Barbara, CA. 1979

"I am unable to disqualify it."
- Dr. Richard Feynman, 1966, Professor Emeritus, Cal Tech

"It reads a hell of a lot more easily and comprehensively than anything else of the subject of Einstein's Relativity. Reads at least as easily as the brass tacks section of any good sci. fi. mag., and it is not science fiction."
- Travis T. Hipp, KSAN radio, San Francisco, 1970

"The old saw, 'There is no gravity, the earth sucks', is no longer tractable. The New Gravity (Is The 4th Dimension) is the old gravity, in a pushy new paradigm of Einstein's 4 dimensional space-time continuum. Guaranteed to illuminate even the most diffident mind. It will chancelessly see you and raise you indefinitely. The New Gravity will never let you down."
- Arthur Kretchmer, 1979, Article Editor, PLAYBOY Magazine

'Is gravity really the 4th dimension? Or has the author only cleverly built his theory around reality so that no one can tell the difference? '
- K.B. Robertson, Ibid

 

**************

 

Special effects by Austin P. Torney

*************

 

 

 

The characteristic torus structure accompanying an electron or the exemplary earth may be contemplated as two rotating gears manifest in 3 & 4-D space.
From there, one may begin to draw their own conclusions.
The north pole exit of the field swings around its parent system to enter the south pole.
Bisecting the system at the equator leaves you with an expanding system on top and a contracting system on the bottom, conceivable as matter and antimatter (white hole and black hole?), meeting in the middle and generating a continuous explosion which emerges as a 4-D expanding material system (In this case - earth).

A top view presents an expanding system.

A bottom view presents a contracting system.

Perspective:

Below: extracted from Wikipedia - Public domain illustration ineligible for copyright.

Although originally intended for and applied to early radio technology, it's still used by radio technologists, and seems to have a distinguished place in the structural and conceptual considerations at hand - there appears (including the issue of radiation) to be a lot of answers-questions here (in more ways than several dozen?).

-----------------

    Asked the teacher what gravity was, an' all he said is what gravity does.  Said I wanna know why, not how things fall. Teacher said nobody knows that one at all.

   Asked the people on the 6 O'Clock news; they said on that we have no views. Same thing happened in a physics lesson - a picture of Newton gave a puzzled expression. 

   Still wanted to know what gravity is, so I went outside and continued the quiz. Asked a mathematician and he took all day saying gravity is numbers. So I lit one up and, went into suspension, tintanambulating beyond the 3rd dimension. The answer appeared as a gentle  kiss, so I wrote another poem and it goes like this...

    Poetry for all times and places, poetry for all rhymes and spaces. Where are the dimensions and where are they not, boundless dimensions of color and thought; infinite dimensions of cold and of hot. But countless dimensions of space there are not. 

   Dimensions of music, of wine and of thee, of these there are  many, but of space only three.

  A 3-D you anna 3-D me, munching 3-D apples from a 3-D tree. 3-D up an' 3-D down, 3-D apples to the 3-D ground. A 3-D fall anna 3-D 'thump'. 3-D sugar inna 3-D lump.

   3-D east an' 3-D west, Sir Isaac Newton did his 3-D best. 3-D universe, 3-D math - 3-D projectiles onna 3-D path. 3-D smooth and 3-D rough; 4-D Einstein singin' "Three ain't enough." 

   4-D amplifier and 4-D gear, singin' 4-D lyrics into 3-D ears. 4-D guitar an' 4-D strings. Albert's 4-D song about 4-D things.

 3-D professors onna 3-D jag, stuffin 4-D physics in a 3-D bag.

   If yer lookin' for a message in here, it's of 4-D headaches from a 3-D beer. 3-D professors tellin' 3-D lies, gettin' 3-D money for the Nobel Prize.

  3-D scientists onna 3-D pension, refusing to recognize,  space-time gravity is the 4th  dimension. 

     (Variations on this thought provoking vignette  appear  else-where on the net. Copyright 1979, by K. B. Robertson. All rights reserved. With acknowledgement for authorship, may be reproduced and distributed for educational, recreational and non commercial purposes.)

Thank you for reading - hope you  enjoyed - the poetry missive.  Please share it with a friend.

There is nothing new about Newton's gravity or Einstein's 4th dimension of space-time, except, empirical proof that they are one and the same. Their causal identity is the physically accelerating expansion of the universe at large.

In this work at hand, Einstein's formerly abandoned Unified Field is reinstated (with the Steady State Theory); without mathematics.

New information keeps coming in that finds the 'Big Bang' universe not only to be expanding, but to be picking up speed. A 'Big Bang' originated universe isn't supposed to be doing that. Whereas, that's exactly what a physically accelerating 'Steady State' universe does.

 This work is all about the reasons why. Like the Unified Field theory, the 'Steady State' theory is abandoned. The reasons for their reinstatement are accumulating...

__________  

The 'Ugly Head' of Einstein's Abandoned Cosmological Constant

Newton asserted ‘Hypothesis non fingo’. - ‘I make no hypothesis’. Yet, his entire, unarguably revolutionary Classical Mechanics was based on the hypothetical 'particle' that science has yet to assuredly accommodate. The ‘particle concept’ that dominates physics and the vast majority of colloquial human thought: has never been proven beyond hypothetical, quasi-scientific retainers. ‘The (rarely) indicted ‘particle’ Isn’t found ‘wrong’ here, but rather: resiliently incomplete; so as to aggressively exclude the incumbent role of the continuous field in the corporeal balance of material considerations (re: 'waveicle'). -  K. B. Robertson

   "In the laboratory of Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867), who made many important contributions to the knowledge of electricity and magnetism, there is an interesting entry in 1849. It reads:

'Gravity. Surely this force must be capable of an experimental relation to electricity, magnetism, and other forces, so as to build it up with them in reciprocal action and equivalent effect. Consider for a moment how to go about touching this matter by facts and trial.'

"But the numerous experiments this famous British physicist undertook to discover such a relation were fruitless, and he concluded this section of his diary with these words: 'Here end my trials for the present. The results are negative. They do not shake my strong feeling of the existence of a relation between gravity and electricity, though they give no proof that such a relation exists.' " - George Gamow, GRAVITY

(How Odd Is It?)

"It is very odd that the theory of gravity, originated by Newton and completed by Einstein, should stand now in majestic isolation, a Taj Mahal of Science, having little of anything to do with the rapid developments in other branches of physics. Einstein's concept of the gravitational field grew from his Special Theory of Relativity, and the Special Theory was based on the Theory of the Electromagnetic Field formulated in the last century by the British physicist, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-79). But in spite of many attempts, Einstein and those who have followed him have failed any (gravitational) contact with Maxwell's electrodynamics...  "Einstein's theory of gravitation was more or less contemporary with quantum theory, but in the forty-five years since they appeared, the two theories have had quite different rates of development. Proposed by Max Planck and carried forward by the work of Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and others, quantum theory has made colossal progress and evolved into a broad discipline that explains in detail the inner structures of atoms and their nuclei." - Gamow, GRAVITY

"On the other hand, Einstein's theory of gravity remains to this day essentially as it was when he formulated it half a century ago. While hundreds, even thousands, of scientists study the various branches of quantum theory and apply it in many, many fields of experimental research, only a few persist in devoting their time and passion to further development in the study of gravitation. Can it be that empty space is simpler than material bodies? Or did the genius of Einstein accomplish everything that could be done about gravity in our time and so deprive a generation of the hope of further progress?" - George Gamow, GRAVITY, p. 136.

        "There is no space empty of field."  - Einstein, *Contributiions to Science (*Ideas & Opinions)

("There is no 'empty space', only 'functional, metric space'." - K. B. Robertson, Apprentice to Albert - 'The Axe' - Einstein.)

"Magnetism, gravity, and action at-a-distance have not lost an iota of their baffling mystery since Gilbert (before Newton 1642 - 1726)" - Arthur Koestler, THE SLEEPWALKERS.

"Since the General Theory of Relativity implies the manifestation of physical reality as a continuous field, the concept of discontinuous particle cannot play a fundamental part, the ‘particle’ can only appear as a limited region of space in which the field strength and/or density of energy is particularly high." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348

"The combination of the concept of continuous field with that of mass-points discontinuous from space appears inconsistent. A consistent (total) field theory requires continuity of all elements of the theory, not only in time but also in space, and in all points in space. Hence the material particle has no place as a fundamental concept in a field theory." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 345

"It is very probable that there is a hidden relation between gravity on the one hand and the electromagnetic field and material particles on the other, but nobody is prepared today to say what kind of relation it is. And there is no way of foretelling how soon any further important progress will be made in this direction." - Excerpted from the Preface to GRAVITY, by George Gamow.

"According to General Relativity, the concept of space detached from any physical content does not exist. The physical reality of space is represented by a field." - Einstein, IDEAS & OPINIONS, p. 348 

   THE 'UGLY HEAD' of the AGAIN and AGAIN BANISHED SINE QUA NON
 "Big Bang', 'SuperStrings', 'Dark matter', 'Quintessence' and 'New Age' etceteras,
        versus the 'out dated' 'ugly headed' Cosmological Constant, Lambda  /\
(A repelling force, unlike any known other, in that it becomes greater with increased distance. Re: acceleration.)
“It is well known to students of high school algebra that it is permissable to divide both sides of an equation by any quantity, provided that this quantity is not zero. However, in the course of his proof Einstein had divided both sides of one of his intermediate equations by a complicated expression, which in certain circumstances, could become zero (‘at the slightest provocation’)...

“In the case, however, when this expression becomes equal to zero, Einstein’s proof does not hold, and (mathematician) Friedmann realized that this opened a whole new world of time-dependent universes; expanding, collapsing, and pulsating ones.

“Thus Einstein’s original gravity equation was correct, and changing it was a mistake. Much later, when I was discussing cosmological problems with Einstein, he remarked that the introduction of the cosmological term was the biggest blunder he ever made in his life. But the ‘blunder’, rejected by Einstein, and the cosmological constant denoted by the Greek letter /\, rears its ugly head again and again and again.” - George Gamow, GRAVITY, p. 270

The ('red shift') ‘expanding universe’ took the ‘scientific community’ by surprise in 1927 - 1929.

. An - ad hoc - explanation was hurriedly put together by Lemaitre, Gamow, and others - if the expansion of space in the universe was back tracked, it was reasoned, it would eventually converge at a point of intersection (since estimated to have been some 13 billion years ago), where all the matter in the universe must have been compacted, causing intense pressures and heat which resulted in and caused the ‘big bang’ explosion, resulting in the spatially expanding universe, as it is spectroscopically (‘red shift’) observed today. There are more recent variations on this theme, but the described dynamics are the origin of the ‘Big Bang’ perspective.

Problem: There is no common - big bang - center from which the observed expanding universe expands. The expansion is astrophysically established as dynamically expanding in direct line of sight, away from a given observer, from any location. This is not the signature of an explosion from a common center.

It is the signature of a repelling force acting across space out of all material bodies, paralleling all the characteristics of conventional gravity, while acting in the opposite direction. Namely, what Einstein called ‘the cosmological constant’ - a force unlike any other known, because it increased - instead of decreased - with distance.

Einstein’s Unified Field theory of 1919 predicted an expanding universe - a prediction that Wilem de Sitter foresaw (in Einstein’s equations) as early as 1917. A decade before the expanding universe was spectroscopically discovered between 1912 and 1922, by, Dr. Vesto M. Silpher, and translated in 1927 by Georges Lemaitre, and 1929 by Edwin Hubble as proof of a spatially expanding universe, observing (by way of spectroscopic ‘red shift’) that the speed of a receding galaxy increases with distance (‘Hubble’s "red shift").

Einstein - under much influence by Wilem de Sitter - had predicted an expanding universe, and that it is the result of a repelling force acting out of all material bodies, just like gravity, except, in the opposite direction. This is the force that Einstein proposed prevented the universe (full of mutually impelling bodies) from collapsing on itself - a problem that Newton himself called attention to, for which there was no previous explanation.

When the spatially expanding universe was discovered, it was resolved that this explained why the universe didn’t collapse on itself, and for this reason, under much ensuing controversy, Einstein was persuaded to abandon his previously submitted Cosmological Constant repelling force....

Recent data is accumulating, finding that the spatial universe is not only expanding, but that it is also picking up - increasing in - rate of speed of expansion. Again, this is not the signature of a big bang originated universe, whereas, it is the signature of the abandoned Cosmological Constant: a force which increases with distance...

It is well known that Einstein abandoned his Cosmological Constant repelling force (designated with the Greek sign ‘Lambda’ - an inverted V, like this /\ ; calling it his ‘biggest blunder’ ), due to the discovery of the spatially expanding universe. It is not so well known and no issue of controversy that Einstein went back to working on his formerly abandoned unified field - cosmological constant - theory, at Princeton, before he died in 1955.

Besides the ‘red shift’ established expanding universe, there is one other evidentiary phenomenon in particular, which is said to support (if not ‘prove’) the big bang ‘theory’, and that is the issue of cosmic microwave background radiation predicted in 1949 by George Gamow and (inadvertently) confirmed (via satellite) in 1963, by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. Whereas, what is proven by the observed background radiation is that the universe as we know it was more dense and hotter in earlier moments that in the present. The 'Big Bang' interpretation does not have a monopoly on this translation. Any model of an expanding universe yields the same observation (That the universe was more dense and hotter in the past than in the present). This work - the reinstatement of Einstein's presently abandoned Unified <Steady State> Field theory - represents such an alternative explanation)

 (A Note on Mr. Mark McCutcheon and the gathering multitude of other belated scribes of his <'google group'> generated genre:

Enter 'McCutcheon, physically accelerating universe' in google: A 2002 copyrighted book entitled The Final Theory emerges, the first two chapters of which generously parallel the 48 year old published and copyrighted, small press hard cover history of the (previously unanticipated)  *accelerating universe (*enter in google) proved to prevail within the following dissertation <herein>. The Author of 'The Final Theory', one Mark McCutcheon, apparently alleges not to have heard of or been influenced by the featured dynamic of this near half century aged work, which was published on the net 12/'99. Within and after chapter two of The Final Theory, Mr. McCutcheon goes on to further proclaim that there is no gravity, that Newton and Einstein were wrong <they did make some well known mistakes, many of which they clarified awareness of>, and that 'his work' is 'The Final Theory'. 

 After re-writing the unprecedented  nexus of my book in the first two chapters of his, Mr. McCutcheon plods waywardly on into what he calls the 'rethinking of our scientific legacy'... The reader may only draw his or her own conclusions. This author looks forward to a growing success for Mr. McCutcheon and 'his work' <or any like it>, the archived  key ingredients of which will inevitably find their way back to their point of origin, under the widely distributed knowledge of tens of thousands of readers and the originally copyrighted authorship of Truly Yours, K.B.Robertson, and the title: 'Gravity Is The 4th <space-time> Dimension', 'The New Gravity';  etceteras... Literally having been written on the subway walls of New York City in the early '70's, and all over the cities of San Francisco and Berkeley since the mid '70's)

    The Exclusion of Politics from Science; of Ad Hominem from Empirical. Alternate title: Gravity, Electricity & Magnetism = 4th, 5th & 6th space-time Dimensions.

Might the aether be - de facto - wave incumbency, conducting all other transmissions (transciencies), ad infinitum?

(There's a heck of a lot of unincumbered cross-fire out there, generating a very dense megafield - never mind the atoms per cubic mile... what about the stratified & cumulative photon <'waveicle'> storms?)

Does not this proposal accomodate all relevant Standard Theory?

Is not the en toto universe reducible to waves of greater or lesser lengths and density?

In consideration of what is known of wave mechanics, there seems to be no obstacle to this submission....

The magnetosphere shields the surface of the Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind. It is compressed on the day (Sun) side due to the force of the arriving particles, and extended on the night side. (Image not to scale.) Wikepedia.

Here we may have a ('familiar' - not entirely recognized, relatively localized, ostensibly dramatic) variation on a theme of aether as electromagnetic radiation bridge, as well as an altogether palpable force that keeps the earth - and other planets - in orbit; preventing same from spiraling into the orbital - solar systematic - locus.

(May it be said that the Sun's 'rays' have a purchase on the earth, and conversely... )

(Note that gravity - action-at-a-distance - is a <5 & 6 dimensional, electromagnetic> pushing/repelling force here, also...)

(Click on the image... Gotta light? <Welcome to Einstein's reinstated Unified Field /\ Lambda
& Steady State. Help Wanted: Please don't be late.>)

 

Updated presentation: http://www.toequest.com/forum/toe-theory-articles/2516-total-field-theory-reinstatement-cosmological-constant-steady-state-theories.html?ltr=T

[Message truncated]